{"id":274,"date":"2014-02-12T20:55:17","date_gmt":"2014-02-13T03:55:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/abclegaldocs.com\/blog-Colorado-Notary\/?p=274"},"modified":"2019-07-25T22:29:06","modified_gmt":"2019-07-26T04:29:06","slug":"notary-liability","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.abclegaldocs.com\/blog-Colorado-Notary\/notary-liability\/","title":{"rendered":"Notary Liability"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"notaryNotary Liability<\/h1>\n

Notaries must know and follow laws to avoid potential liability problems.<\/p>\n

Colorado notary law<\/strong> CRS 12-55-116 defines Official Misconduct<\/strong> by a Notary Public.\u00a0 It states that:<\/p>\n

(1) A notary public who knowingly<\/strong> and willfully<\/strong> violates the duties imposed by Part 1 of the Colorado Notaries Public Act<\/strong> commits official misconduct and is guilty of a class 2 misdemeanor<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

(2) A notary public and the surety or sureties on his bond<\/strong> are liable<\/strong> to the persons involved for all damages<\/strong> proximately caused<\/strong> by the notary’s official misconduct.<\/p>\n

(3) Nothing in this article shall be construed to deny a notary public the right to obtain a surety bond<\/strong> or insurance<\/strong> on a voluntary basis to provide coverage for liability<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

A Colorado notary is required to make an affirmation<\/strong> when he\/she applies to become a notary that he\/she has carefully read<\/strong> the notary law<\/strong> of Colorado and that he\/she will faithfully perform all notarial acts in conformance with the law.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Colorado Notary Training<\/span><\/h2>\n

Notaries that have attended a Colorado<\/strong> notary training<\/strong><\/a><\/span> class also learn Colorado notary law and industry best practices<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

It would be difficult for a current notary to claim that he\/she did not know the notary law.\u00a0 A notary may also decline<\/strong> or refuse<\/strong><\/a><\/span> to perform a notarization for valid reasons, such as lack of satisfactory identification, lack of awareness or understanding by the signer, or a transaction that appears to be illegal, unauthorized, false or fraudulent.<\/p>\n

A notary would be acting knowingly<\/strong> and willingly<\/strong>, unless it is some type of notarial act that the notary is attempting without proper knowledge or training, or in a case where a notary is being forced to notarize, while acting under duress<\/strong>, such as a threat<\/strong> of physical or economic harm or coercion<\/strong> by a customer, employer, criminal or another person.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Handling an Unlawful Notary Request<\/span><\/h2>\n

Keep a copy of the notary laws readily available.\u00a0If asked to do an unlawful<\/strong> notary act, the person making the request may not know the law. Show the relevant law if needed and explain that the request cannot be performed because it is a violation of the law. The notary has a sworn duty to follow the law.<\/p>\n

Warn an aggressive person that they may be charged with a crime<\/strong> for attempting to influence a public official to perform an unlawful act, or for hindering, obstructing or assaulting a public official in the performance of their duties. Warn an employer that they may be held liable for forcing or allowing an employee notary to perform an unlawful notary act while on the job.<\/p>\n

Explain how the requested act may be performed in a lawful manner. If needed, seek help from a higher authority or attorney.\u00a0Keep a record or incident report<\/strong> of attempts to threaten, intimidate, influence or coerce the notary. Report crimes to the authorities.<\/p>\n

Under the Law of Agency<\/strong>, an employee (agent) has no duty to perform an unlawful act for an employer (principal).<\/p>\n

The most common signed complaint<\/strong> against Colorado notaries, about 70% of all complaints, is for a document that was notarized without the presence of the signer.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Handling Threats or Violence<\/span><\/h2>\n

If an aggressive person becomes threatening or violent<\/strong> because the notary refuses to comply with an unlawful demand, the National Notary Association<\/strong>\u00a0(NNA)<\/strong> recommends that the safest course of action may be to comply with the demand, to avoid harm, damage, assault or injury. Remove yourself from the threatening or dangerous situation as soon as possible, try to get a suspect and vehicle description and license plate number, gather evidence, report the incident to the police, and make a note of the circumstances in the notary record book.<\/p>\n

For physical defense, consider keeping a desk, table or countertop as a separation between the notary and the customer. A witness or security<\/strong> camera may be useful to gather video and audio evidence of the aggressor.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Liability in Notary Court Cases<\/span><\/h2>\n

A notary employee at a car dealership in Lycoming County Pennsylvania refused to notarize motor vehicle documents without the physical presence of the signers. She informed the employer that the requested act was illegal. She was fired for refusing to break the notary law. She sued the employer for wrongful termination<\/strong> and won her lost back wages.\u00a0Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Bureau of\u00a0Commissions, Elections, and Legislation v. Dorothy\u00a0Toner<\/em><\/p>\n

Also see:
\n1.\u00a0Dickey v. Royal Banks of Mo., 111 F.3d 580, 582 (8th Cir.\u00a01997)<\/em> discussing a bank officer who directed a bank employee-notary to notarize\u00a0a customer’s signature even though the customer was not present.
\n2.\u00a0Transamerica, 462 P.2d at 815<\/em> discussing allegations that bank officials had\u00a0requested that a notary-employee notarize without signers being personally\u00a0present to sign.
\n3.\u00a0Johnson v. State, 238 N.E.2d 651, 655 (Ind. 1968)<\/em>\u00a0convicting a notary\u00a0for falsely attesting an affidavit.
\n4. Lewis v. Agric Ins. Co., 82 Cal.\u00a0Rptr. 509, 512-13 (App. 1969)<\/em> finding that a notary’s act of falsely certifying the purported signature of individual who did not personally appear constituted\u00a0official misconduct.
\n5. California notary was directed by employer to notarize a document without signer being present. Notary declined because it was an illegal act. The notary was wrongfully terminated and awarded $155,000.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Employer Liability in Model Notary Act<\/span><\/h2>\n

The Model Notary\u00a0Act<\/strong>, published by the NNA<\/strong>, states:
\nAn employer of a notary is liable to any person for all damages\u00a0proximately caused that person by the notary’s official misconduct\u00a0in performing a notarization related to the employer’s business, if\u00a0the employer directed, encouraged, consented to, or approved the\u00a0notary’s misconduct, either in the particular transaction or, impliedly, by previous actions in at least one similar transaction.<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/span>Reasonable Care<\/span><\/h2>\n

Notaries must use prudent<\/strong> and reasonable care<\/strong> to learn and obey notary laws and industry best practices.\u00a0 Notaries may be found liable for damages proximately caused<\/strong> due to errors<\/strong> and omissions<\/strong> and official misconduct<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Proximate Cause<\/span><\/h2>\n

Proximate cause<\/strong> means a cause that directly produces an event and without which the event <\/em>would not have occurred.\u00a0 [Black’s Law Dictionary<\/strong>, 8th edition]<\/em><\/p>\n

Prudent<\/strong> notaries should attend initial notary training<\/strong> and continuing education<\/strong>, attend webinars, read notary publications and websites, and learn and follow notary best practices<\/strong>.\u00a0 Notary education is a great way for a notary to increase knowledge, reduce<\/strong> liability risk<\/strong>, and better serve the public.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Liability Insurance<\/span><\/h2>\n

Since errors and omissions may occur, a notary should double-check<\/strong> his\/her work and also have the customer check the work before leaving.\u00a0 A notary should buy notary liability insurance<\/strong>, known as errors and omissions<\/strong> (E&O<\/strong>) insurance, to protect against mistakes.\u00a0 It is inexpensive compared to the protection that it provides.\u00a0 Colorado notaries are not required to be bonded.<\/p>\n

Notaries must seek education<\/strong>, use prudent<\/strong> and reasonable care<\/strong>, and keep proper records to avoid liability<\/strong> and official misconduct<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

[Last-Modified Date 2018-02-10] replaced blank images<\/p>\n

\u00a9 Copyright 2014 ABC Legal Docs, LLC All rights reserved. Do not copy. Citations welcome. Terms of Use apply.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Notary Liability Notaries must know and follow laws to avoid potential liability problems. Colorado notary law CRS 12-55-116 defines Official Misconduct by a Notary Public.\u00a0 It states that: (1) A notary public who knowingly and willfully violates the duties imposed by Part 1 of the Colorado Notaries Public Act commits official misconduct and is guilty of a class 2 misdemeanor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5320,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[49,362,260,17,1644,2545,225,267,284,228,2626,254,2544,39,250,175,5,164,435,255,99,400,94,293,1157,2542,1158,2543],"class_list":["post-274","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-notary-law","tag-affirmation","tag-best-practices","tag-bond","tag-colorado","tag-complaint","tag-court-case","tag-duress","tag-education","tag-errors","tag-illegal","tag-incident-report","tag-insurance","tag-law-of-agency","tag-liability","tag-model-notary-act","tag-nna","tag-notary","tag-notary-training","tag-official-misconduct","tag-omission","tag-proximate","tag-prudent","tag-reasonable-care","tag-security","tag-threat","tag-unlawful","tag-violence","tag-wrongful-termination","has_thumb"],"yoast_head":"\nNotary 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