{"id":585,"date":"2014-12-30T21:32:42","date_gmt":"2014-12-31T04:32:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/abclegaldocs.com\/blog-Colorado-Notary\/?p=585"},"modified":"2023-04-10T11:47:51","modified_gmt":"2023-04-10T17:47:51","slug":"air-gap-computer-network-security","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.abclegaldocs.com\/blog-Colorado-Notary\/air-gap-computer-network-security\/","title":{"rendered":"Air Gap Computer Network Security"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_84 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-transparent ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.abclegaldocs.com\/blog-Colorado-Notary\/air-gap-computer-network-security\/#Air_Gap_Computer_Network_Security\" >Air Gap Computer Network Security<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.abclegaldocs.com\/blog-Colorado-Notary\/air-gap-computer-network-security\/#Audio_Gap\" >Audio Gap<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.abclegaldocs.com\/blog-Colorado-Notary\/air-gap-computer-network-security\/#Faraday_Cage\" >Faraday Cage<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.abclegaldocs.com\/blog-Colorado-Notary\/air-gap-computer-network-security\/#Update_Audio_Gap_Security_Research\" >Update: Audio Gap Security Research<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Air_Gap_Computer_Network_Security\"><\/span><img decoding=\"async\"  class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-5728\" src=\"data:image\/gif,GIF89a%01%00%01%00%80%00%00%00%00%00%FF%FF%FF%21%F9%04%01%00%00%00%00%2C%00%00%00%00%01%00%01%00%00%02%01D%00%3B\" data-layzr=\"https:\/\/abclegaldocs.com\/blog-Colorado-Notary\/wp-content\/uploads\/air-gap-computer-network-security-320x200.jpg\" alt=\"air gap computer network security\" width=\"320\" height=\"200\" \/>Air Gap Computer Network Security<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">An <strong>air gap<\/strong> or <strong>air wall<\/strong> is a computer <strong>network security<\/strong> measure.\u00a0 Rather than have all your computers connected to a single <strong>local <\/strong><strong>network<\/strong>, by network cables and\/or wireless connections, one or more computers are <strong>offline<\/strong>, not connected to the local network or <strong>internet<\/strong>.\u00a0 The secure, <strong>air gap<\/strong> computer network is <strong>physically isolated<\/strong> from the other computers that are connected to the internet.<!--more--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In the event that the vulnerable <strong>online network<\/strong>, connected to the public <strong>internet<\/strong>, becomes <strong>infected<\/strong> with a computer <strong>virus<\/strong> or <strong>malware<\/strong>, or is the victim of a <strong>hacker attack<\/strong>, spying, <strong>data breach<\/strong> or <strong>data intrusion<\/strong>, the isolated computers on the secure <strong>air gap<\/strong> network are not affected.\u00a0 They are not able to directly communicate with computers on the <strong>infected<\/strong> online network.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">You may choose to keep <strong>confidential<\/strong> records, such as financial, tax, health, personal, proprietary and legal files, only on the <strong>secure network<\/strong>, which has no <strong>internet<\/strong> connection.\u00a0 It is <strong>offline<\/strong> and cannot communicate with the outside world.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The <strong>online network<\/strong> that is connected to the internet may be used for email, connecting to web sites for banking and online shopping, web browsing, and other internet applications such as training, webinars, voice communications (VOIP), streaming videos, music, photos, etc.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">If any <strong>confidential<\/strong> files are downloaded from the internet, they can be <strong>encrypted<\/strong> and stored on <strong>removable media<\/strong>, such as a CD, USB flash drive or micro SD memory card for portability.\u00a0 <strong>Anti-virus<\/strong> and <strong>anti-malware<\/strong> software must be used to scan and detect any virus or malware on the online system and the removable media.\u00a0 If the <strong>removable media<\/strong> is scanned and is free from virus and malware, the removable media may be used to physically carry (aka <strong>sneakernet<\/strong>) the files to the <strong>secure system<\/strong> for loading and storage.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The secure <strong>air gap<\/strong> system must also use <strong>anti-virus<\/strong> and <strong>anti-malware<\/strong> software and <strong>security procedures<\/strong> to prevent and detect <strong>infection<\/strong> or <strong>data<\/strong> <strong>corruption<\/strong> problems.\u00a0 Removable media with a <strong>write-protect<\/strong> feature, or <strong>write once read many<\/strong> (<strong>WORM<\/strong>) media, such as a CD or DVD, will prevent data from the <strong>secure system<\/strong> from being written onto the <strong>removable media<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Once the <strong>confidential<\/strong> files are saved and verified on the <strong>secure air gap system<\/strong>, the other file copies on the <strong>online system<\/strong> and <strong>removable media<\/strong> may be erased, not deleted, using <strong>secure delete<\/strong>.\u00a0 Inexpensive media, like a CD, may be <strong>destroyed<\/strong> by shredding after one-time use.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">With two separate systems, both systems will not be infected or damaged simultaneously, unless the infection is transmitted by <strong>cross-contamination<\/strong>, by using infected removable media on the secure <strong>air gap<\/strong> system.\u00a0 The <strong>isolation<\/strong> process is similar to a hospital keeping infected patients in a <strong>quarantined<\/strong> zone to prevent spreading an infectious disease to other patients.<\/p>\n<p>Air-gapped removable media, without a computer, may be used to store a periodic <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.abclegaldocs.com\/blog-Colorado-Notary\/offline-backup-data-storage\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">offline backup<\/a><\/strong><\/span> copies of important files in an offsite <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.abclegaldocs.com\/blog-Colorado-Notary\/sentrysafe-chw20221-fireproof-waterproof-chest\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fireproof safe<\/a><\/strong><\/span> as part of a 3-2-1-1-0 backup strategy for primary site disaster protection.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Audio_Gap\"><\/span>Audio Gap<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">For best protection, in addition to an <strong>air gap<\/strong>, there must be a <strong>radio gap<\/strong> and an <strong>audio gap<\/strong>.\u00a0 The separated computer systems must not be able to <strong>communicate<\/strong> by sending high-frequency <strong>audio signals<\/strong> using the computer <strong>microphone<\/strong> and <strong>speakers<\/strong>.\u00a0 The microphone and speakers should be turned off or removed.\u00a0 High frequencies, above 20,000 Hertz, might not be heard by humans but could be heard by computer microphones.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The secure <strong>air gap<\/strong> network must also be kept away from <strong>Wi-Fi<\/strong>, <strong>cell phones<\/strong>, <strong>Bluetooth<\/strong>, and <strong>infra-red<\/strong> devices, so that no <strong>communication<\/strong> may occur by <strong>radio waves<\/strong>.\u00a0 A software <strong>firewall<\/strong> should be installed to block outside communications.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Air gap<\/strong> systems are often used for <strong>critical systems<\/strong> such as military, government, financial institutions, medical facilities, industrial facilities, power plants, emergency power systems, and aviation.\u00a0 The air gap system should be kept in a separate, <strong>monitored<\/strong> area, with <strong>limited access<\/strong> and a high degree of <strong>physical security<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Faraday_Cage\"><\/span>Faraday Cage<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Sometimes, secure systems are also enclosed in a <strong>Faraday cage<\/strong>, a <strong>metal enclosure<\/strong> that blocks radio signals from being transmitted or received.\u00a0 Some home computer users have used a grounded metal <strong>trash can<\/strong> with a metal lid as a simple, low-cost Faraday cage.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">An <strong>air gap<\/strong> system may be used to <strong>isolate<\/strong> confidential data and industrial controls from an <strong>online network<\/strong> for higher <strong>security<\/strong>.\u00a0 Or, an air gap may be used to keep an <strong>offline network<\/strong> secure, to be used as a <strong>redundant<\/strong> <strong>backup system<\/strong> in case the <strong>online network<\/strong> becomes infected or inoperable.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In this age of frequent computer <strong>attacks<\/strong>, <strong>hacks<\/strong>, <strong>intrusions<\/strong>, data breaches, viruses and malware infections, an <strong>air gap<\/strong> system can help to keep a business <strong>operational<\/strong> during a <strong>cyber attack<\/strong> or<strong> cybercrime<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Update_Audio_Gap_Security_Research\"><\/span>Update: Audio Gap Security Research<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">This blog post has been cited as a reference source for work done at the Cyber Security Research Center at <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/cyber.bgu.ac.il\/advanced-cyber\/system\/files\/SPEAKEaR.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ben-Gurion University<\/a><\/strong><\/span> in Israel. Their work has shown that a hard disk drive actuator or a computer fan can be manipulated by malware to generate covert audio signals that transmit captured data such as passwords or keystrokes from an infected computer to a nearby audio receiver, even if the computer speakers and microphone are disconnected.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Their work has been published in technical papers on several computer technology sites including <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wired.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Fansmitter-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Wired magazine June 2016<\/a><\/strong><\/span>, technical research archive site\u00a0<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-319-66399-9_6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Springer<\/a><\/strong><\/span>, <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/ftp\/arxiv\/papers\/1611\/1611.07350.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Cornell University Library arXiv<\/a><\/strong><\/span>, <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cacm.acm.org\/magazines\/2018\/4\/226377-bridgeware\/fulltext\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Communications of the ACM magazine April 2018<\/strong><\/a><\/span>,\u00a0<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/system\/files\/conference\/woot17\/woot17-paper-guri.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">USENIX Workshop on Offensive Technologies (WOOT &#8217;17)<\/a><\/strong><\/span>, and at the 2017 European Symposium on Research in Computer Security (<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=waUzDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA98&amp;source=gbs_toc_r&amp;cad=3#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ESORICS 2017<\/a><\/strong><\/span>), proceedings part 2, Google ebook.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Thank you for your research and the citation.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Visit our website for\u00a0<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.abclegaldocs.com\/blog-Colorado-Notary\/mobile-notary\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-slimstat-async=\"false\" data-slimstat-callback=\"false\" data-slimstat-tracking=\"false\" data-slimstat-type=\"2\" data-slimstat-clicked=\"false\">Colorado Springs Mobile Notary<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0services or\u00a0<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.abclegaldocs.com\/blog-Colorado-Notary\/colorado-notary-training\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-slimstat-async=\"false\" data-slimstat-callback=\"false\" data-slimstat-tracking=\"false\" data-slimstat-type=\"2\" data-slimstat-clicked=\"false\">Colorado Notary Training<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong>classes.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Updated [2018-04-19] add audio gap research paper links<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a9 Copyright 2014\u00a0 ABC Legal Docs, LLC\u00a0 All rights reserved.\u00a0 Do not copy.\u00a0 Citations welcome.\u00a0 Terms of Use apply.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Air Gap Computer Network Security An air gap or air wall is a computer network security measure.\u00a0 Rather than have all your computers connected to a single local network, by network cables and\/or wireless connections, one or more computers are offline, not connected to the local network or internet.\u00a0 The secure, air gap computer network is physically isolated from the other computers that are connected to the internet.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5728,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1095,921,919],"tags":[895,904,2688,374,902,266,2689,910,905,367,908,668,901,900,899,898,581,896,903,909,293,897,575,911,906],"class_list":["post-585","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-security","category-small-business-tips","category-tech-tips","tag-air-gap","tag-antivirus","tag-audio-gap","tag-backup","tag-breach","tag-confidential","tag-covert","tag-cyber-attack","tag-data-corruption","tag-encryption","tag-faraday-cage","tag-firewall","tag-hack","tag-infection","tag-internet","tag-isolated","tag-malware","tag-network","tag-offline","tag-redundant","tag-security","tag-sneakernet","tag-virus","tag-wi-fi","tag-worm","has_thumb"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - 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