{"id":819,"date":"2015-04-28T10:23:39","date_gmt":"2015-04-28T16:23:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/abclegaldocs.com\/blog-Colorado-Notary\/?p=819"},"modified":"2025-12-03T17:54:40","modified_gmt":"2025-12-04T00:54:40","slug":"code-of-hammurabi-babylon-1754-bc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.abclegaldocs.com\/blog-Colorado-Notary\/code-of-hammurabi-babylon-1754-bc\/","title":{"rendered":"Code of Hammurabi, Babylon 1754 BC"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Code<\/a>Code of Hammurabi, Babylon 1754 BC<\/h1>\n

Notaries<\/strong> wrote down 282 laws in the Code of Hammurabi<\/strong>, King<\/strong> of Babylon<\/strong> in 1754 BC.\u00a0 It is the oldest evidence of recorded law.\u00a0 Babylon was a city in Mesopotamia<\/strong>, near the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Hammurabi<\/strong> worked to fight corruption in public officials and had no mercy for those convicted of fraud or bribery.\u00a0 The code was inscribed on a stele<\/strong> and displayed in a public place for all to read.\u00a0 It is now in the Louvre<\/strong> Museum in Paris.<\/p>\n

The text of the code may be found online at Yale Law School<\/strong> at The Code of Hammurabi<\/a><\/strong><\/span>.<\/p>\n

The Code of Hammurabi guaranteed many rights to citizens and left parties free to contract<\/strong>, as a rule.\u00a0 The contract was drawn up in the temple<\/strong> by a notary public<\/strong>, and confirmed by an oath<\/strong> “by god<\/strong> and the king<\/strong>“.\u00a0 It was publicly sealed<\/strong> and witnessed<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

The codified laws contain no direct oaths, but many indications that the taking of an oath was a common custom.\u00a0 No specific god<\/strong> was recommended as the deity<\/strong> by whom to swear an oath<\/strong><\/a><\/span>.\u00a0 But, it was directed that one take an oath in the name of god, or in the presence of god.<\/p>\n

During that time, legal documents and contracts contained oaths.\u00a0 The documents were inscribed using cuneiform<\/strong> on sun-dried or baked clay tablets<\/strong>.\u00a0 The oaths were made to the local gods and kings.\u00a0 The oath form was usually “by the god [name] they swore”.<\/p>\n

This was followed by witnesses<\/strong>, both male, and female, and occasionally a scribe<\/strong>, also male and female.\u00a0 It was often stated that the contract was sealed<\/strong>.\u00a0 Seals<\/strong> of witnesses were used.\u00a0 Some used a thumbnail<\/strong> mark<\/strong> rather than a seal.\u00a0 Temple officials<\/strong> were sometimes used as witnesses.\u00a0 A notary public<\/strong> was a common witness to contracts.<\/p>\n

Different cities worshiped different gods<\/strong>.\u00a0 The god of the place where the contract was made was always invoked, sometimes with associated deities.<\/p>\n

Promises were made not to repudiate the contract, and not to change the contents,\u00a0 Some documents contained a curse<\/strong>, such as “may he be an enemy of [god or king name] who repudiates the transaction”, or “curse of [god name] upon him who changes the contents of this tablet”, or “the fear of [king name] be upon him”.<\/p>\n

Common contract phrases included “for its full price he has weighed out the money”, and “with the bukanu<\/strong>, he has been passed over”, and “forever hereafter, man against man shall not make claim”.<\/p>\n

The bukanu<\/strong> was used in a ceremony that “originally pertained to the sale of slaves<\/strong> and meant that the stamp<\/strong> or mark<\/strong> of ownership was changed.\u00a0 The bukanu was believed to be a dye<\/strong> or stamp<\/strong> with a short handle.\u00a0 During the time of Hammurabi, the use of the bukanu was common to all kinds of sales.<\/p>\n

Temple Notaries and Gods<\/h2>\n

Contracts usually were made in the temple<\/strong> of a local god, which served as a courthouse<\/strong> and archive<\/strong> of records.\u00a0 A specific place in the temple was often mentioned.\u00a0 Sometimes it was before a golden emblem<\/strong> of a god, or at the gate.<\/p>\n

Judges<\/strong> administered an oath by the god of the temple.\u00a0 Judges and scribes served as witnesses.\u00a0 Elders assisted the judge.\u00a0 Some contestants were directed to go to the temple for purification<\/strong>, before taking an oath.<\/p>\n

Lease and rent contracts never had a direct oath<\/strong>.\u00a0 But, the agreement was always made in the presence of one or more deities.\u00a0 The fact that many of these contracts were drawn up in a temple and before gods may have been a substitute for expressing a direct oath.<\/p>\n

The laws of the Code of Hammurabi<\/strong> were used in new lands conquered by the king.\u00a0 Hammurabi was a wise, righteous, god-fearing ruler and leader.\u00a0 The epilog to the code includes a curse<\/strong> that no one may disobey or alter the laws, without suffering penalty, loss, hardship and the wrath of god.<\/p>\n

Also, see our article on the history of the oath<\/a><\/span>.<\/p>\n

Visit our website for Colorado Springs Mobile Notary<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0services or Colorado Notary Training<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong>classes.<\/p>\n

[Last-Modified Date 2017-03-28] add review schema, add page links, new image<\/p>\n

\u00a9 Copyright 2015\u00a0 ABC Legal Docs, LLC\u00a0 All rights reserved.\u00a0 Do not copy.\u00a0 Citations welcome.\u00a0 Terms of Use apply.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Code of Hammurabi, Babylon 1754 BC Notaries wrote down 282 laws in the Code of Hammurabi, King of Babylon in 1754 BC.\u00a0 It is the oldest evidence of recorded law.\u00a0 Babylon was a city in Mesopotamia, near the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Hammurabi worked to fight corruption in public officials and had no mercy for those convicted of fraud or bribery.\u00a0 The code was inscribed on a stele and displayed in a public place for all to read.\u00a0 It is now in the Louvre Museum in Paris. The text of the code may be found online at Yale Law School <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3920,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[920],"tags":[690,1164,1172,1163,43,352,1167,1171,1216,433,355,1166,1175,5,48,1169,238,1173,212,1174,1168,1165,22],"class_list":["post-819","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-notary-history","tag-archive","tag-babylon","tag-bukanu","tag-code-of-hammurabi","tag-contract","tag-court","tag-cuneiform","tag-curse","tag-deity","tag-god","tag-judge","tag-king","tag-louvre","tag-notary","tag-oath","tag-scribe","tag-seal","tag-slave","tag-stamp","tag-stele","tag-tablet","tag-temple","tag-witness","has_thumb"],"yoast_head":"\nCode of Hammurabi, Babylon 1754 BC - 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